fa تحلیلی درون‌دینی بر لذت‌گرایی اپیکور اخلاق هنجاری(با رویکرد اسلامی) Normative ethics نظری theoretic <p dir="RTL" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اپیکور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">معتقد است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">غایت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">زندگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">انسان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">لذت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">است</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">وآدمی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">باید</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">رسیدن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">لذت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تلاش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">کند</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">. وی </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">عدم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ترس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">خدا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و مرگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تأکید</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;"> می‌</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">کند</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">او</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">جامعه</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">‌ای </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">زندگی</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;"> می‌</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">کرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ترس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">موج</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">می‌زد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">لذا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مرگ</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;"> را </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مساوی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">معدوم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">شدن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">محض</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">می&shy;داند؛</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">لذا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ترس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مرگ</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;"> بی‌</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">معناست.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">او</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">خدایان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">زندگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بشر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بدون</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نقش</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;"> می‌</span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">دانست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بیان</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;"> می&shy;کرد </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">خدا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">زندگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بشر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">هیچ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نقشی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ندارد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اپیکور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">انکار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">خدا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و مرگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">سعی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">داشت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">سعادت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و شادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">افراد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">ارمغان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بیاورد.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">لذت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و اصالت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">حس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">از</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مبانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">فلسفی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اپیکور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">می‌باشد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">که</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">غایت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">زندگی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">آن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">پی‌ریزی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">می‌کند؛</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">لذا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">برای</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">رسیدن</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">سعادت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و شادی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تلاش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">می‌کرد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مبانی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">کلامی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">خود</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">را</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نیز</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">انکار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">خدا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">معدومیت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">انسان</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مرگ</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">قرار</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">دهد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">لذت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">دست</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">یابد.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">در</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مقاله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">برآنیم</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">با</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">رهیافت</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">درون‌دینی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">نقد</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">لذت‌گرایی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اخلاقی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اپیکور</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بپردازیم.</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اطلاعات</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">این</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">مقاله</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بر</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">اساس</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">منابع</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">کتابخانه</span></span><span style="font-family:b mitra;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">‌ای </span></span><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">احصا</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">و</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">به</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">روش</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">تحلیلی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">بررسی</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">شده</span></span> <span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;">است.</span></span></p> <div style="text-align: justify;">Epicure has viewed pleasure as the purpose of human life and, therefore, one should attempt to acheave it. He emphasized lack of fear of God and death. He lived in a society characterized by fear and knew death as destruction and, thereof, fear of death was meaningless for him. He knows God of no part in human life and, in this way, denying the hereafter and God, attempts to lead people to joy and happiness in their life. Pleasure and sensationalism may be regarded among his philosophical principles upon which goal pf life is based. He has based his theological thought upon denial of God and destruction of man by death to attain pleasure and joy. The paper, analytically focusing on library sources, has criticized Epicurean hedonism interreligiously.</div> اپیکور, لذت‌گرایی, مرگ, ترس, نفی ماورای طبیعت, تحلیل دینی. Epicure, Hedonism, Death, Fear, Denial of Metaphysics, Religious Analysis. 29 44 http://akhlagh.maaref.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-147-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 روح الله شاکری زواردهی 10031947532846001473 10031947532846001473 Yes